Reconstructing R2P: India, Strategic Autonomy, and the Multipolar Humanitarian Order
Résumé
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has been increasingly challenged as the global system shifts from unipolarity to multipolarity. This study explores how India’s foreign policy discourse between 2005 and 2025 redefined R2P through the principle of strategic autonomy. Using Critical Constructivism, Critical Discourse Analysis, and Process Tracing, the study examines official diplomatic documents, UN actions, and communications by India’s Ministry of External Affairs. Findings reveal consistent discursive patterns emphasizing sovereignty, dialogue, prevention, and non-coercion, indicating that India has embedded humanitarian responsibility within its foreign policy identity. The study argues that norm contestation functions as an adaptive mechanism for R2P rather than a rejection of it. Ultimately, R2P will remain viable only if it successfully adapts to the emergence of a more plural, increasingly multipolar, and evolving global humanitarian world order. UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions; SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals; SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities
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