Harnessing Microbial Power for a Food-Secure Nigeria: A Comprehensive Review of Policy, Science, and Practice

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This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential for microbial technologies to drive sustainable agriculture and enhance food security within Nigeria's public policy framework. Confronting a severe crisis where 34.7 million Nigerians risk acute food insecurity by mid-2026 and over 60% of African soils are degraded, this paper argues that microbial solutions are not merely supplementary but central to a national agricultural transformation. The review synthesizes current scientific understanding, from soil microbiome engineering and organic microbial fertilizers to the biotechnology of indigenous fermented foods, demonstrating their multifaceted benefits for soil health, crop resilience, and nutrition. It critically examines the systemic barriers within Nigerian public policy, including fragmented governance, inadequate climate action integration, and limited technical extension, which currently hinder widespread adoption. By analyzing successful models and existing gaps, the review proposes an integrated policy roadmap. This roadmap advocates for mainstreaming microbial strategies into national agricultural and climate policies, fostering innovation through research and public-private partnerships, and building inclusive capacity-building programs to empower the smallholder farmers who produce 80% of Nigeria's food. The conclusion posits that a concerted, policy-driven effort to harness microbial contributions is an imperative step toward building a resilient, productive, and self-sufficient agricultural system for Nigeria.

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