Antibiotics Susceptibility testing of Meropenem-resistant bacterial isolates from pigs in some selected farms in Ado Ekiti

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Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance has been a global problem, especially in the clinical setting, however little is known about antibiotics resistance, especially Meropenem resistance in pigs in Ekiti which is broad spectrum and mostly used as a last resort for ill patients harboring resistant strains in animals and understanding the molecular basis of resistance will help in combating the rate of resistance Methods This study was basically focused on farm animals especially pigs and a total of 100 samples were collected from the rectum of pigs in selected farms. Bacterial isolates were isolated using conventional methods of isolation of bacteria, antibiotics susceptibility testing using single oxoid disc of Gentamycin (30µg), Fosfomycin (100µg), Nitrofurantoin (300µg), Tigercycline (15 µg), and Polymyxin b (200µg) (Yohei et al., 2021) and Molecular identification by PCR (Mahmoud et al.,2020) and Multiplex PCR was used to determine the presence of carbapenemase genes. Evolutionary analyses were conducted using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11 software (MEGA11). Results The result showed that about 13 bacterial isolates were identified from species of Proteus mirabilis, Providencia alcalifaciens, E.coli, Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus. All 13 bacterial isolate sequences have been submitted to the NCBI database with their accession numbers ON715737- ON715749. The most effective antibiotics for the treatment of Meropenem-resistant bacteria were Gentamycin (92.86%), Fosfomycin (92.86%), Tigercycline (92.86%), Nitrofurantoin (85.71%) , and Polymyxin b (64.23%. All the bacterial isolates have one or more carbapenemase genes except Bacillus cereus (MR5) and Enterococcus feacalis (Fr2) . the percentage occurrence of carbapenemase genes in bacterial isolates with the highest from blaNDM, 9(42.85) ,blaVIM 5(23.81), blaOXA-48, 3(14.29), blakpc, 2(9.52), blaspm 1(4.76)and , blaIPM 1(4.76) respectively Conclusions Finding from the research has revealed that carbapenamase producing bacterial has been isolated from farm animal especially pig in Ado Ekiti and most of the bacterial isolates produces resistant genes that are plasmid mediated which makes the resistance to be acquired and can easily spread and cause high mortality rate, especially to humans beings. Therefore more research should be focused on other farm animals, farm managers, and environments where farm animals are reared

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