Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation among Adults and its Related Ophthalmic Variables in the Community of Kebena Woreda, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia

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Abstract Clinical studies in the hospital settings using patients having ocular morbidities have shown a high prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PXF) in Ethiopia. With this information in mind community based study was conducted to determine age and sex-specific prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) and its relationship with some ophthalmological variables.Objective To determine the prevalence and clinical features of pseudoexfoliation among adults in kebena woreda of Gurage zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia.Design Random cross-sectional samples of adult population aged 40 years or older in the community of the district.Methods A total of 760 subjects aged 40 years or older underwent standardized examination, including portable slit lamp biomicroscopy before and after pupillary dilatation, and IOP measurement using Tono-Pen. PXF was diagnosed on slit lamp exam by the presence of white dandruff-like material on the pupillary margin and/or on the anterior lens capsule of one or both eyes.Results Among 760 participants, the prevalence of PXF was 12.0% (95% confidence interval, 9.7%-14.3%). The mean age was 63.9 years (SD 9.96, age range 40-90 years). Fifty six percent were found to have bilateral PXF. The prevalence increased with increasing age, with 26.9% of those 60 or older affected. Slightly higher proportion of males (12.4%) were found to have pseudoexfoliation in either of the eyes than females (11.6%) which was not statistically significant (p=0.738). Mean IOP in subjects with PXF was found to be 20.65 + 5.15 mmHg, while it was 15.0 + 2.3mmHg for those without PXF. The difference between the two populations was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of PXF in eyes of people in Kebena appears greater than that reported in other places of Africa and Asia. PXF occurs at a relatively younger age in our population. Increasing age is associated with the presence of PXF, and PXF in turn is associated with high IOP.

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