Malnutrition and Associated Factors in Admitted adult Surgical Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

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Abstract Background: Malnutrition in surgical patients is found to be associated with reduced wound healing, increased complication rates, length of hospital stay, mortality, and healthcare costs than normally nourished patients. There are higher magnitude was reported from surgical patients in different studies abroad. However, there is no study conducted in eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess magnitude of malnutrition and associated factors among adult surgical patients. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among 398 consecutively admitted surgical patients in Jugel and Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital from December 20, 2018 to November, 2019.Data was collected using pre tested structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and dietary diversity assessment were made at admission and discharge of the patient. Capillary blood sample was collected for hemoglobin measurement. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Result: A total87(21.9%) and 99(24.9%) study participants were underweight at admission and discharge. Being male (AOR=0.40; 95CI: 0.21, 0.75) , age groups 18-40 years (AOR=0.22; 95 CI: 0.08, 0.62)and 41-60 years (AOR= 0.18; 95 CI: 0.06, 0.53) , urban residence (AOR= 0.38; 95% :0.17, 0.81) and Non anemic patients (AOR= 0.25; 95 CI:0.12, 0.48) were factors less likely to undernourished at admission. Being male (AOR= 0.39; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.76) ,age groups 18-40 (AOR= 0.14; 95 CI 0.04, 0.52) and 41-60 years (AOR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.52) urban residents (AOR=0.26; 95 CI: 0.11, 0.57) , those with elective type of surgery (AOR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.82) less likely, participants with hospital stay less than 5 days (AOR=0.14; 95 CI 0.02, 0.69) were factors less likely to undernourished at discharge.Conclusion: malnutrition /under nutrition is highly prevalent among surgical patients. Sex, age, residence and anemia were common factors associated with under nutrition at admission and discharge. In addition, type of current surgery and length of hospital stay were identified factors at time discharge. Therefore, the hospital staff should apply nutritional assessment and nutritional counseling /support to surgically admitted patients considering the identified factors.

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