Expressed emotion and associated factors among care givers of schizophrenia patient attending mental health service in Dilla University Refferal Hospital, Dilla, Southern Ethiopia, 2022

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Abstract Background: Expressed emotion (EE) is an attitude, feeling, or behavior based on the emotional responses of the family caregiver in response to and reaction towards the ill family members. This concept has long been used to investigate the family environment of patients with mental disorders which reflects the extent to which family members close to a patient express critical comments, hostile and emotionally over-involved attitudes or warmth when talking about the patient. Given the paucity of research on this subject in Ethiopia and the area under study, it is important to evaluate caregivers of schizophrenic patients' expressed emotion and the elements that are related to it. Objective: To assess prevalence of expressed emotion and associated factors among care givers of schizophrenic patient attending mental health service in DURH, Dilla, and southern Ethiopia. Method and material: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed at DURH psychiatry clinic. Data was collected using face to face interview by interviewer administered questionnaire by using a mobile software epi.INFO version 7 and medical chart review was used to take the diagnosis of the patient and any comorbid disorder. Systematic random sampling was used to collect sample. The collected data was exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis, Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors of expressed emotion among caregivers of schizophrenic patient attending mental health service in DURH. The statistical significance was set at P-value <0.05. Result: High expressed emotion was observed in 50.5% (43.1-57.4) of respondents. Caring for schizophrenic patients for about 6-8 years (AOR=3.5; 95%CI: 2.1-6.3), being female caregiver (AOR=1.2; 95%CL: 1.15-4.1), caregiver moderate to severe overload (AOR=2.0; 95%CI: 1.81-5.4) and 6-10 years total duration of illness (AOR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.42-3.9) were significantly associated with high expressed emotion. Conclusion: Since the present study reported high level of EE in almost half family members, there is need for psychosocial nursing care for every family members of schizophrenia patient which will help them to effectively cope with the stress of managing the mentally ill family member at home.

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