Biochemical and Histopathological Assessment of Hepatic Response to Allium sativum Ethanolic Extract in Experimental Rats

Résumé

Garlic has shown to be of so much benefits to our health which comes from its bioactive compounds which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria and hepatoprotective effects. However, there is need to assess the potential effects of garlic extract on liver tissue. This study was aimed to ascertain the biochemical and histological effects of ethanolic extract of Allium sativum on the liver of adult male wistar rats. This study was carried out in the animal house of the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli and JoyManuel Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Nnewi, Anambra State. A total of twenty (20) healthy male Wistar rats were obtained from Kennedy’s Animal Farm, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Campus. The rats were acclimatized for a period of two weeks (14 days) before they were grouped into four (4) for the administration of garlic extract. Group A (Control) received only feed and water, Group B received low dosage (0.1ml), Group C received medium dosage (0.15ml) and Group D received high dosage (0.2ml) of garlic extract for twenty-one (21) days. At the end of twenty-one (21) days, the animals were anaesthetized by chloroform in a closed jar. Blood samples were collected through ocular puncture for biochemical analysis using the method of Blaxhall and Daisley (2006). The rats were sacrificed and livers were harvested for histopathological analysis. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using Microsoft excel. The result of the study revealed that Group B showed no significant mean difference in the initial and final weight of the rats (p<0.05). However, there was a significant mean difference in weight of subjects in Group A, C and D before and after feeding with garlic extract respectively at (p<0.05). The findings of this study also demonstrated no statistically significant difference in liver parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, CB and TB) among the groups (A, B, C and D) of the subjects (p>0.05). The histological findings of this study also revealed focal areas of inflammatory background with mild vascular congestion when compared with the control group which showed normal morphology consistent with normal liver histology with no obvious sign of injury. Further studies on the exact mechanism(s) of action of the garlic extract which is not well understood presently are recommended in this study.

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