Effect of a Nurse-Led Educational Intervention on the Knowledge, Perceptions and Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening among HIV-Infected Women in Kenya

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BACKGROUND: Health education influences the sociocultural health beliefs and enhances the decision making of women resulting in a change in their screening behavior. This study evaluated the impact of a nurse-led health education based on the Health Belief Model constructs on improving the knowledge, perceptions and the uptake of cervical cancer screening among HIV-infected women in Kisii County, Kenya. METHODS: A 2-arm quasi-experimental design was employed in the HIV care clinics at Keumbu and Gucha sub-County hospitals in Kisii County, Kenya. The study population comprised of HIV-infected women aged between 15 and 49 years attending the two HIV care clinics. A sample size of 306 for each arm of the study was used. Systematic random sampling was used to select the 306 participants enrolled in each of the study arms. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, knowledge, perceptions and uptake of cervical cancer screening data among the HIV-infected women was collected at pre-test and post-test surveys. RESULTS: We analyzed 566 participants (response rate 566/612, 92%) with 287 participants in the control arm and 279 participants in the intervention arm. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of knowledge (p=0.001), perceived susceptibility (p=0.003), perceived severity (p=0.001), perceived barriers (p=0.001) and perceived self-efficacy (p=0.001) in the intervention arm compared to the control arm after the intervention. The proportion of participants screened significantly (p<0.001) increased from 16% to 57% in the intervention arm versus 7% to 9% in the control arm after the intervention. CONCLUSION: A nurse-led educational intervention in a hospital setting was effective in improving the knowledge and uptake of cervical cancer screening among HIV-infected women. The intervention partially improved their perceptions of cervical cancer and screening. Targeted health education can influence the uptake of cervical cancer screening among HIV-infected women.

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