Evaluation of soil-tool interaction in excavation through smoothed particle hydrodynamics – based numerical modeling and laboratory validation

Résumé

Excavation efficiency is strongly influenced by tool geometry and operating conditions.This study applied three-dimensional modeling with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method by implementing the Mohr-Coulomb (MC) soil model in Abaqus Explicit to analyze the effect of rake angle and excavation depth on the performance of a bucket tooth operating in clayey sand.Simulations covered rake angles between 30° and 90° and depths up to 300 mm, assessing reaction forces and displacement.Results show that reaction forces rise with increasing depth, while optimal performance occurs at rake angles between 30° and 60°.Within this range, the bucket tooth achieved efficient soil displacement and reduced cutting resistance, with the 45 degree angle and 100 mm depth configuration providing the best balance between the minimized reaction forces and effective material removal.These outcomes highlight the importance of selecting appropriate rake angles and excavation depths to achieve lower energy demands and improved operational performance in excavation systems.

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