Physicochemical Characteristics of Aedes Mosquito Breeding Habitats in Suburban and Urban Areas of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Background The knowledge of key elements of the ecosystem affecting mosquito distribution and their population dynamics is essential for designing mosquito-borne disease interventions. The present study characterized the physicochemical properties ofAedesmosquito breeding habitats in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Kinshasa, from February to April 2021. The physicochemical characteristics of the natural and artificial aquatic habitats ofAedeswere measured using a multiparametric device. Results Out of 438 breeding habitats inspected, 273 (62.3%) contained mosquito larvae. TheAedesmosquitoes identified in 76.19% of positive breeding sites wereAedes albopictus(67.30%) andAedes aegypti(37.98%). The median values of dissolved oxygen (DO) (1.0), turbidity (19.15), and salinity (0.115) in water breeding sites ofAedeswere respectively 0.8, 55.0, and 0.29 inCulexbreeding sites (p< 0.05). The physicochemical characteristics of the breeding habitat forAe. aegyptiandAe. albopictuswere almost identical. In urban areas, the median temperature was 29.82 while it was 29.60 in suburban areas (p< 0.05). Significantly, the salinity was higher in bamboo and metal containers while DO was higher in tins. After analysis using simple linear regression, total dissolved solids (r = 0.23;p= 0.000), conductivity (r = 0.23), salinity (r = 0.23), and temperature (r = 0.13) were associated with larval density (p< 0.05). In the final model (r = 0.30,p= 0.01), salinity (r = 0.23) and DO (r = 0.138) adjusted to temperature, pH, and turbidity were associated positively to larvae density. Conclusion TheAedesbreeding sites and mosquito density were significantly influenced by water salinity, DO, temperature, pH, and turbidity.

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