Mobility Modelling and Simulation In Tactical Networks and Smart Cities

Résumé

Recently, we have observed a continuous interest in mobility modeling and simulation either for tactical mobility or for intelligent mobility in traffic systems. The rapid advent of ad hoc networks and their ability to provide efficient wireless applications have encouraged researchers to think about new solutions and application fields for tactical networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). As an essential feature of ad hoc networks, the mobility of devices and their ability to communicate with each other without the need of a pre-established infrastructure, based on a self organization mechanism, is considered to be an attractive feature in order to build realistic applications and protocols. Therefore, the need for mobility models is one of the most important components to enable extensive evaluation, analysis, and comparison of such applications and protocols, before they are officially adopted for use. Since most of the scenarios in the real world are based on nodes mobility including, intelligent vehicles, persons and drones, we are interested in studying mobility modeling, in order to search, as realistically as possible, for the efficient mobility behaviors for such real-world scenarios. We focus principally on mobility modeling as a basic component to provide efficient analyzing of the dynamicity of nodes in tactical networks, and also to understand traffic systems behaviors in order to design intelligent mobility schemes for transportation systems and smart cities. We began our research by investigating the mobility behaviors to extract their intrinsic properties and to be able to propose more accurate approaches. After that, our attention is oriented to adopt specifications and tools needed to design mobility behaviors of tactical networks, as well as to realize intelligent mobility strategies for providing efficient services in smart cities. In this thesis, we are interested on studying some mobility models of tactical scenarios in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in order to provide strong simulation tools for studying and analyzing some frequently encountered challenges in wireless networks, including topology change, communication reliability, and energy efficiency. We have been interested in the dynamicity of the tactical network and in particular in dismounted soldiers dynamic which is very interesting for modern wars. Moreover, we provided extensive simulations of sensor networks based on a tactical scenario, to highlight the relationship between tactical mobility and energy efficiency. Another subject of interest we are concerned with is smart city. Before we gain insight into the specificities of intelligent mobility in traffic systems and smart cities, our interest was oriented first to mobility modeling based on cellular automata, which are known as a microscopic model. The purpose behind this choice is to take a first step towards understanding traffic systems before going through intelligent mobility in smart cities. Then, our attention is directed towards both mobility and communication in vehicular environment called VANETs, which enables us to study the real-time interaction either between Vehicles (V2V) or either between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I). This study allowed us to consider new solutions of the problems related to ITS, including traffic congestion, traffic jams, and accidents. We address precisely both the problem of traffic congestion and collision situations at traffic intersections. The purpose of such a study is to improve traffic flow in transportation systems by profiting from new wireless technologies to immigrate towards smart traffic mobility, which is currently one of the most fundamental service that must be available in smart cities. We adopted cooperative strategies between vehicles (V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I). Accordingly, we introduced a path planning strategy to avoid traffic problems by reducing travel times on-road segments. This developed path planning strategy allows the driver to get timely short paths based on received information about the traffic state in each road segment. In the context of intersection collisions, we developed an approach based on a periodic exchange of beacons between approaching vehicles to the intersection to estimate and to avoid collisions at the intersection.

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