Addressing critical needs in the fight to end tuberculosis with innovative tools and strategies

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More than 130 years after Koch first described the tubercle bacillus and its etiologic role in tuberculosis (TB) to the Physiologic Society of Berlin, TB is still responsible for an appalling human toll and is the leading single infectious cause of death worldwide In September 2018, the United Nations General Assembly held a High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis during which multiple heads of state and ministers of health pledged to end the global TB epidemic by 2035, setting ambitious targets for diagnosing and treating cases, providing preventive therapy to those most at risk, and making investments in TB care and research It is clear that the modest decline in global TB incidence and mortality in recent years needs to be accelerated to reach the "End TB" targets for 2035 This can only be achieved if the implementation of current approaches to TB control is optimized and new tools and strategies for TB prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment are developed. This special issue highlights the breadth of the approaches currently available, promising new developments as well as identifying some of the challenges still ahead.

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