Maternal and Neonatal Outcome in Pregnant Women Undergoing Induction of Labor at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

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Abstract Introduction: Labor induction is a common obstetric intervention aimed at initiating or augmenting labor when spontaneous onset is delayed or deemed necessary for maternal or fetal well-being. Despite its widespread use, the practice's impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes remains a subject of ongoing research and debate. This study aims to evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with labor induction in a tertiary hospital setting in Tanzania. Methodology: A descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a seven-month period from January 2021 to July 2021 at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A total of 120 pregnant women who underwent labor induction during this period were included in the analysis. Data on maternal demographics, obstetric characteristics, indications for induction, methods of induction, labor outcomes, and neonatal outcomes were collected from medical records and analyzed descriptively. Results: Among 4773 deliveries during the study period, 120 women underwent labor induction, accounting for 2.5% of all deliveries. The most common indications for induction were postdate pregnancy (50%), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (31.7%), and premature rupture of membranes (17.5%). The majority of induced women (61.7%) delivered vaginally, with 38.3% undergoing cesarean section. Maternal complications were minimal, with the most common being failed induction of labor (14.2%). Neonatal outcomes were generally positive, with 96.7% of neonates having Apgar scores of 7 or higher at five minutes, although 8.3% required admission to the neonatal ward for further care. Conclusion: Labor induction at Muhimbili National Hospital demonstrated favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes, with low rates of maternal complications and positive neonatal Apgar scores. Postdate pregnancy emerged as the most common indication for induction. While the study highlights the benefits of labor induction, its retrospective nature and single-center setting limit the generalizability of findings. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to validate these findings and inform evidence-based obstetric practices.

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