Biological activities of derived pigments and polyphenols from the newly recorded alga Phyllymenia gibbesii

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Abstract The newly recorded Phyllymenia gibesii in the Mediterranean Sea at Alexandria coast of Egypt is regarded as a significant source of bioactive substances and is applied as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agent. According to the HPLC chromatograms, the acetone extract of P. gibesii comprised ten photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-d, α-carotene, β-carotene, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, antheraxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and violaxanthin). Total carotenoids were the dominant class in the pigments’ profile, achieving a concentration of 257 g/g dry weight. The P. gibbesii extract had a total content of phenols (146.67 mg/g) and a total content of flavonoids (104.40 mg/g). The capacity of all the investigated biological activities augmented with the concentration of the algal extract. The maximal DPPH scavenging capacity was 81.44%, with an inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 9.88 μg/mL. Additionally, the highest ABTS scavenging capacity was 89.62%, recording an IC 50 of 21.77 μg/mL. The hemolytic activity of P. gibbesii attained a maximum capacity of 49.88% with an IC 50 of 100.25 μg/mL. Data also showed the maximum anti-inflammatory effectiveness at 81.25%, with an IC 50 of 99.75 μg/mL. Furthermore, the extract exhibited antimicrobial capacity against all reference strains, particularly at high concentrations (0.1 mg/mL), with the greatest effect on C. albicans and E. coli .

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