Treatment adherence and associated factors among glaucoma patients attending ophthalmic unit of Debre Markos Referral and Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals

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Abstract Background Glaucoma is one of the common eye disorders resulting from optic neuropathy which leads to irreversible blindness if left untreated. Poor adherence to glaucoma medical treatments leads to serious consequences such as progressive visual impairment and blindness. Despite its serious consequences, the level of glaucoma treatment adherence and associated factors have been poorly explored in Ethiopia particularly in the selected study areas. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the level of adherence to treatment and associated factors among glaucoma patients attending at Debre Markos referral and Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized Hospitals.Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1st 2019 to April 30th 2019 among 414 consecutive glaucoma patients attending at ophthalmic units of Debre Markos Referral and Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized hospitals. Data about adherence to glaucoma treatment was collected by using Morisky Medication adherence scale-8. Each collected data were coded and entered into Epi-Data version 4.2 and analysis was done using STATA version 14.0 statistical software. Descriptive analysis was done and binary logistic regression model was fitted to assess the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable. This was done using odds ratio within 95% confidence limits. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to declare statistically significant association.Results this study revealed that 189 (49.5%) of participants were adherent to glaucoma medical treatment. The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors such as occupation (farmer), good knowledge, favorable attitude, a short distance from patients’ home to hospitals, and schedule problems for glaucoma medical follow-up visits were significantly associated with adherence to glaucoma medical treatments.Conclusion In this study almost one in two patients were adherent to glaucoma medical treatment which is low. Patient-related and health care system-related factors were significantly associated with adherence to glaucoma treatments. Policy-makers need to give attention to patient education and develop strategies to improve patients’ adherence to glaucoma medical treatment.

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