Fractional-Order Direct Power Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator-Based Wind Turbine Using Rooted Tree Optimization

Résumé

This paper presents a novel control strategy aimed at improving power quality and operational stability in a multi-rotor wind energy conversion system based on a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Conventional Direct Power Control (DPC) techniques often suffer from significant active and reactive power ripples, variable switching frequency, and limited robustness under parameter uncertainties and changing wind conditions. To overcome these drawbacks, a feedback-based Fractional-Order Proportional–Integral (FOPI) controller is integrated into the DPC scheme. The controller parameters are optimally tuned offline using the Rooted Tree Optimization (RTO) algorithm to achieve enhanced dynamic performance and robust operation. The proposed control approach is implemented on the machine-side converter, where instantaneous power estimation is employed to determine the control error, while Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used to generate the switching signals and regulate converter operation. By combining the flexibility of fractional-order control with the optimization capability of the RTO algorithm, the proposed method effectively improves power tracking accuracy and reduces system oscillations. To evaluate its effectiveness, the developed strategy is compared with the conventional 12-sector DPC method under various operating conditions. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed controller significantly decreases power and stator current ripples, enhances transient and steady-state responses, and provides superior robustness against disturbances and parameter variations. Consequently, the proposed DPC-FOPI-RTO scheme contributes to improved energy quality, increased system reliability, and better overall performance of DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems.

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