Determination of Serum Immunoglobulin G Concentration in Lamb and Goat Kid, Awash Fentale, Afar Nations Regional State, Ethiopia

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Abstract In this study, a total of 143 heads (97 lambs and 46 goats) were randomly selected from 3 villages in Awash Fentale district, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia. To determine the serum IgG concentration of lamb and goat kids in the study area and to determine the effect of parity, age, birth type, sex, and dam body condition on the transfer of passive immunoglobulin concentration in the study area. A lamb and goat kid blood sample was taken at 2–7 days of age. 4 ml of blood was collected from a jugular vein puncture in a sterile plain tube, and serum was collected by centrifugation. The species-specific sheep and goat radial immuno diffusion kit-analyzed serum results after 24 hours showed a range of 47.64 to 6071.632 mg/dl serum IgG concentration in lamb and goat kids, ranging from 169.577 to 3559.875 mg/dl serum IgG concentration. The radial immuno diffusion result showed that 21.6% of newborn lambs in the study area had a failure of passive immunoglobulin concentration, 78.4% had adequate passive immunity, 83.4% of goat kids had an adequate passive immunoglobulin concentration, and 16.6% of kids had a failure of passive immunoglobulin concentration from their dams. The result showed that failure of passive immunity was important in the study area. Among the considered risk factors evaluated by simple and multiple logistic regression, the age of the lamb and type of delivery had a statistically significant P value (P < 0.05) on the lamb. Generally, passive immunity transfer is increased by colostrum feeding and animal husbandry management interventions, which is significant for pastoralists whose livelihoods are dependent on livestock.

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