Spatial-Temporal Monitoring of Groundwater Quality at the Northeast Coast of Alexandria, Egypt Short Title: Spatial-Temporal Monitoring of Groundwater Quality

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Abstract The degradation of water quality poses a significant challenge to the utilization of freshwater resources for human activities, which threatening agricultural productivity and the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The quality of irrigation water is greatly affecting both crop health and production. Hence, there is a must to enhance understanding of the quality of irrigation water. The aim of this assessment is to determine the suitability and compatibility of water sourced from 13 borehole ground wells located at the northeast coast of Alexandria, Egypt, Abu Qir district, with emphasis on the ability of usage for irrigation purposes. The research areas comprise the combination of urban, including residential complexes and academic campuses, alongside agricultural activity. A total of 52 groundwater samples were collected throughout the four seasons of winter, spring, summer, and autumn in the year 2022, with the objective of determining how they fit for agricultural use. Results revealed that the tested groundwater from the selected wells lied in the moderate to poor water quality for irrigation based on SAR, SSP, RSC, KR, PI, CAI, PS, MH, TDS, and TH indices. Therefore, using such groundwater for irrigation in the specified research area poses real dangers for crop health and agricultural productivity unless receive appropriate treatment.

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