Review of: "Customary Land Tenure, Mining, and the Development Question: Insights From a Transitional State"

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REVIEW1. Some sentences not clear, e.g., Zimbabwe is endowed with many minerals, with 60 known minerals.2. "Some local millers have done some Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Dinde area, such as building a clinic."And now there is electricity at the school and clinic, and a borehole, and this is being done by local license holders."The local license holders are local people."This is interesting, but there is need for evidence: how many companies are local and how many are international.Of these, what % engage in CSR.This should be shown and not just spoken!!! 1.The Mining Act does not specify that mines must do CSR. This is an interesting point, but it would be good to highlight the place of the Community Development Agreement inZimbabwe, which is a framework that has become an international conventional framework guiding community-investor relationships in the mining sector!! 1.Hence, it is foreseeable that companies that practice CSR are deemed not detrimental to customary land tenure.This is an interesting point in this area, but the voice of the author/s is silent, which is important in this paper.The question is how is this cementing exploitation and a license to exploit?See Dunlap, A. (2018)."A Bureaucratic Trap:" Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and Wind Energy Development in Juchitán, Mexico.Capitalism Nature Socialism, 29(4), 88-108.1.The Chinese worked with inside men (locals) to acquire the land.This is an interesting point, but the paper does not interrogate the power relations that emerge from the mining activities.Who are the inside men?The paper presents the Chief as challenging the mining activities as well as being incorporated into the mining investors' interests, i.e., the author is talking of inside men, who are these men?There is need to unpack the power relations.See, for example: "Then another local elite interested in the same mine started to mobilize the local community to resist the investments by the Chinese.The registered miner is alleged to have entered into an MOU with the affected individuals and local leadership that addressed the issue of relocation and compensation for the local people".

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