Self reported fall and associated factors among adult people with visual impairment in Gondar, Ethiopia.

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Abstract Background Fall is one of the most common and potentially disabling issues among people with visual impairment. Fall is a major public health problem and the leading cause of unintentional injury, disability and premature death worldwide. Several population based studies have reported poor vision as a frequent risk factor for falls yet large number of studies failed clarify the role of visual impairment in falls. Ethiopia lacked estimates of falls among both normal sighted and visual impaired persons. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of and visual related factors, other factors associated with falls among adult people with medically diagnosed visual impairment.Methods An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among visually impaired adults who were attended ophthalmology clinic in University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. Data was collected by interview methods using structured questionnaire, patient record review and physical measurement. A bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression model analysis was used to identify factors associated with fall. Adjusted Odds Ratio with corresponding 95% Confidence Interval was computed to show the strength of association.Results A total of 328 adults with visual impairment participated in the study (97.3% response rate). The age of the participants ranged from 25 to 89 years with mean age of (56.46±14.2 years). The overall cumulative prevalence of self-reported fall among adults with visual impairment was 26.8% with 95%CI (22.0-31.4). The major associated factors of fall identified by multivariate analysis were fear of falling; some concerned: (AOR, 4.12; 95%CI, 1.44-11.76), very concerned fear (AOR, 10.03; 95% CI, 3.03-33.21), medication: (AOR, 4.63; 95% CI 2.14-10.00) and self reported depression: (AOR, 3.46; 95%CI 1.11-10.79).Conclusion A moderate self-reported prevalence with high rate of fall related injuries was reported adult people with visual impairment participants in this study. The results indicate that strategies to provide fall prevention environment should be developed to reduce this impact of visual impairment and reduce fall and fall related injuries.

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