Multidrug resistance and biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pregnant women attending antenatal clinic with asymptomatic bacteriuria in Rivers State, Nigeria

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Purpose: To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and biofilm-forming S. aureus among pregnant women seeking antenatal care services in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at three tertiary hospitals, namely, the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), and Madonna University Teaching Hospital (MUTH), spanning from January 2024 to March 2024. Midstream urine samples of 10mL were collected from 423 consenting pregnant women and analysed microbiologically for bacterial isolation. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard biochemical methods, and MRSA detection was performed via disk diffusion. Analysis, including antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm production, was also evaluated. Results: A high prevalence of bacteriuria (75.29 %) was recorded, with RSUTH recording the highest occurrence (43.70 %). MRSA prevalence varied across facilities, with MUTH showing the highest methicillin resistance (68 %). All bacterial isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR), particularly against cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Biofilm production was detected in 2.5, 13.6, and 20 % of isolates from UPTH, RSUTH, and MUTH, respectively. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of bacteriuria and MRSA across the health facilities in Rivers State. This is a critical public health concern, and calls for targeted antimicrobial stewardship programmes in antenatal care.

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