Anti-inflammatory activity of omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acid oil extract on acute inflammation in animal models.

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Abstract Safety concerns for persistent long-term use of anti- inflammatory drugs must be considered when prescribing pain relief medications for acute, chronic and degenerative pain conditions due to the side effects. Therefore supplementation using natural forms of anti-inflammatories such as omega − 3- fatty acids (n-3 fatty acids) is more about therapeutic safety than it is of efficacy. In this study, standard methods (Carageenan, Arachidonic acid and PGE2) were used to determine the nutritional intervention of n-3 fish oil extract (due to its eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA contents) in experimental animal models for acute inflammatory models. Obtained results showed marked inhibition of inflammation by the fish oil brought about by EPA and DHA content of the oil. Resolution of carragenan-induced paw edema inflammation after 24hrs was 78.57%, 57.14%, 50.00%, 100.00% and 92.85% percentage inhibition for groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Arachidonic acid-induced ear edema was 30, 24, 27, 37 and 40% inhibition while 44.16, 52.48, 61.34,74 and 80.05% were for PGE-2 assay. The results show that the active components in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA), are capable of interrupting the prostaglandin metabolic pathway by competing with arachidonic acids for the COX active site thereby inhibiting their synthesis.

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