Enhancing dye-sensitized solar cell performance by introducing Fe/Co into the B-site of Sr0.7Sm0.3BO2.89 perovskite photoanodes

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Abstract The desire for clean, affordable, and efficient energy technologies that can harvest light to generate electricity has led to recent developments in new-generation solar cells. Among them, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have numerous merits, including low impact on the environment, facile fabrication procedures, and the associated low cost of raw materials. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs is limited by poor electron injection and high charge carrier recombination in conventional photoanode materials. This, in turn, has prompted significant research efforts to find alternative photoanode materials. In this study, we report a novel perovskite-based photoanode material (Sr 0.7 Sm 0.3 BO 2.89 ) optimised by varying the B-site using Fe or Co. To achieve this, Sr 0.7 Sm 0.3 FeO 2.89 (SSF) and Sr 0.7 Sm 0.3 CoO 2.89 (SSC) perovskites were synthesised using the ball milling method, calcined at 600 °C, and characterised using various techniques. Varying the B-site using Fe or Co significantly influenced the structure and morphology of Sr 0.7 Sm 0.3 BO 2.89 . Both perovskites revealed the formation of irregularly shaped nanoparticles with cubic and tetragonal lattices for SSF and SSC, respectively. SSF, with relatively smaller particle sizes, larger pore volumes, and better crystallinity, exhibited a relatively larger surface area (52.6 m 2 g −1 ), lower energy band gap (2.4 eV), and higher electrical conductivity (4.98 S cm −1 ) than SSC. This led to the fabrication of SSF photoanode-based DSSCs with an enhanced PCE of 6.24%, outperforming SSC-based devices by ~ 109%. Therefore, this study demonstrates that varying the B-site cations can significantly improve the physicochemical properties of perovskites for use as photoanodes in future DSSCs.

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