Public Sector Governance, Infectious Diseases, and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

Résumé

Microbial infections and poverty share a symbiotic and mutually reinforcing relationship that significantly constrains human development and economic productivity in Nigeria. This review examines the intersection of microbial infection control and poverty reduction strategies within the framework of Nigerian public administration. It analyzes how infectious diseases—including malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), and antimicrobial-resistant infections—perpetuate poverty through healthcare expenditures, lost productivity, and impaired human capital development. Conversely, poverty creates conditions that increase exposure and susceptibility to infections through inadequate housing, poor sanitation, limited healthcare access, and malnutrition. The review evaluates public administration responses across multiple sectors, including health policy frameworks, financing mechanisms, regulatory oversight, and service delivery structures. It assesses the effectiveness of key initiatives such as the Nigeria Health Sector Renewal and Investment Initiative (NHSRII), the Basic Health Care Provision Fund (BHCPF), and the National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance. Drawing on recent evidence from Nigerian states demonstrating successful interventions, the analysis identifies persistent challenges including inadequate domestic health financing, weak laboratory systems, fragmented governance, and regulatory gaps in antibiotic sales. The review concludes with evidence-based recommendations for strengthening public administration to simultaneously address microbial infections and poverty through integrated, multi-sectoral approaches that advance progress toward Universal Health Coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals.

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