Eco-friendly extract derived from Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter 1973, from Algerian arid region, antioxidant evaluation and biopesticide use

Résumé

To investigate the effects of Dittrichia viscosa L. Greuter 1973 extract as a biopesticide on beneficial entomofauna in a greenhouse setting in the Biskra region, the study was conducted at the experimental site (CRSTRA).The aerial parts of D. viscosa were collected, dried, and analyzed in laboratory.The antioxidant potential of the plant extract was assessed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), alkaline DMSO superoxide, O-phenanthroline chelating (Phen) and iron reducing power (RP) methods.Enzyme inhibitory was studied using the iodine/potassium iodide method.A 200 m² greenhouse was established in November 2021 and planted with tomato (Cecilia), divided into four blocks, each equipped with sticky traps for monitoring entomofauna from May 1 st to June 1 st .The pulverized D. viscosa extract was applied at different concentrations (D1 = 5 ml/l; D2 = 10 ml/l; D3 = 15 ml/l) every 10 days.Analysis of the hydro-methanolic extract of D. viscosa revealed significant antioxidant activities and effective α-amylase inhibition, indicating its potential as a free radical scavenger and a useful therapeutic agent for addressing radical-related pathological damage.Additionally, the biopesticidal effects of the extract on beneficial insects were evaluated.Results showed a total richness of 75 species across 7 orders and 44 families, with the most abundant species belonging to Hymenoptera (37 species), Coleoptera (14 species), and Diptera (11 species).The predominant categories included parasitoids (29%), predators (24%), pests (15%), and pollinators (11%).As a biopesticide, the extract proved effective in reducing pest populations by 50% at the highest concentration (15 ml/L).The Pielou evenness index values (H 5 ml/L = 0.8787, H 10 ml/L = 0.8506, H 15 ml/L = 0.836, compared to the control = 0.4179) indicated a nearly homogeneous distribution of individuals among species.The Shannon diversity index suggested that increasing concentrations of D. viscosa extract (E 5 ml/L = 0, E 10 ml/L = 1.33, and E 15 ml/L = 0.5623) did not significantly impact the presence of pollinator species in the tomato greenhouse in the Biskra region.

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