Impact of the combined effect of diode laser (976 nm) and Sodium Fluoride gel in the Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity: An Ex Vivo Study

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Abstract Background: Dentin Hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful condition with challenging treatment options. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effects of the diode laser on dentinal tubules by a diode laser, as well as the mechanism of the diode laser (976 nm) and chemical agent (sodium fluoride gel) in occluding the dentinal tubules in vitro. Materials and Methods: Ten extracted human premolars were utilized in the current in vitro experimental SEM study. Using a diamond saw at a coronal dentin, disks of 1.0 mm thickness were cut perpendicular to the long axis of each tooth. Ten dentin disks were selected, and each disk was divided into four equal parts, pre-treated with Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid 17%, then divided into four groups; (Group 1) control, (Group 2) diode laser 976 nm of 1 watt, (Group 3) Sodium fluoride only and (Group 4) combined laser and sodium fluoride varnish. The samples were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope at different magnifications (100µm, 50µm, 20µm, and 2µm). ANOVA Test was used to compare the diameter of the tubules and area between the four groups, with the level of significance set at a p-value of ˂0.05. Results: Group 1 (control, no treatment) showed an opening of all the dentinal tubules. Both samples of Group 2 (laser) and Group 3 (Sodium Fluoride) demonstrated partial occlusion and narrowing of most dentinal tubules, while Group 4 (combined) showed total occlusion of almost all the dentinal tubules. There is a statistically significant difference between the four groups regarding the diameter of the dentinal tubules and the area of 5×5 mm diameter on the dentin disks. Conclusions: The combination of Diode laser (976 nm) 1W and sodium fluoride varnish significantly affected the dentinal tubule occlusion, thus preventing DH.

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