Psychological Capital and Job Performance among Employees of a State Ministry of Health in Nigeria

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This study examined psychological capital (PsyCap), a construct comprising self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism, as a correlate of job performance among employees of the Anambra State Ministry of Health, Nigeria. The study was of a correlational survey design, based on Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986, 1997) and Positive Organizational Behaviour theory (Luthans, 2002). The sample size was calculated by stratified random sampling using Taro Yamane's formula (1967) for a sample of 400 employees of the population of 2000 employees. The participants were asked to fill in the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans, Youssef, & Avolio, 2007) and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (Koopmans et al., 2014). Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient was used for the analysis of the data at a .01 level of significance. The results indicated that job performance was significantly and positively related to psychological capital (r = .64, p < .01), and that all four components of psychological capital – self-efficacy (r = .59), hope (r = .56), resilience (r = .53), and optimism (r = .57) – were significantly related to job performance, with self-efficacy being the strongest correlate. The results indicate that public health organisations in low-resource areas can actively enhance the performance of their workforces by intentionally developing the psychological resources of employees through coaching, mentoring and psychologically resilient interventions. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

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