Study of the microbial communities involved in restoring mining wastes using isolation and high-throughput sequencing

Résumé

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is produced by environmental and microbial oxidation of sulfur minerals originating from mine wastes. The Kettara pyrrhotite mine in Morocco produced more than 3 million tons of polluted mining wastes. The mine's rehabilitation strategy includes covering acidic tailings with alkaline phosphate wastes acting as a store-and-release cover, to limit water infiltration, and AMD formation. The final step is the revegetation of the phosphate wastes. However, due to their extremely poor quality, plant establishment and growth are quite difficult on phosphate wastes, particularly in semi-arid climate. The purpose of this thesis was to provide a better understanding of the role of microbial communities in the production of AMD, a source of pollution in Kettara, as well as microbial communities involved in the revegetation of phosphate mining wastes, which is a national priority in Morocco. Using Next Generation sequencing, an uncommon microbial community was discovered in the Kettara pyrrhotite mine tailings and a large number of potentially plant growth strains that could aid plant development was highlighted using metagenomic prediction. Plant-growth promoting activities of isolated bacterial strains from phosphate mining wastes were also examined in vitro and, for the best performing bacteria, in planta. Substantial plant growth activity of Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and, for the first time, Brevibacterium anseongense was reported for the growth of Lupinus albus L., suggesting their potential application as biofertilizer.

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