Mapping evidence on Awareness, Knowledge and Risk Perception of Multiple Myeloma (MM) in Africa: A Scoping Review

Résumé

Background Multiple Myeloma (MM) is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. While the precise epidemiology of MM remains relatively unclear in Africa, its incidence and prevalence continue to rise. Primary prevention is key to effectively managing MM in Africa, due to resource constraints that account for the prevailing disparities in diagnosis and treatment. A comprehensive understanding of current awareness, knowledge and risk perception of MM is thus crucial for the design and implementation of contextually relevant preventive strategies. Aim This scoping review maps evidence on the awareness, knowledge and risk perceptions of MM in Africa. Methods The Arksey and O’Malley framework guided the review process. Electronic databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, CINHAL, Web of Science, and SA-ePublications, were searched to identify relevant research articles. The results are reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Results The initial search yielded 204 studies; after duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, 18 articles were included for full-text review to ascertain eligibility. Eight articles were eventually included in the final review. Conclusion The review reveals a paucity of empirical studies on knowledge, awareness and risk perception of MM in Africa. Generally, current research indicates low levels of knowledge and awareness of MM among healthcare workers. The extant research and reported low levels of awareness may account for the delay in diagnosis and management of the condition, which has consequences for public health and quality of life in the region. Research is urgently required to address prevailing knowledge gaps so that appropriate interventions may be implemented to address current challenges with early detection of MM in Africa.

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