Identifying hydrological indices derived with datasets from remotely sensed products to monitor climate change and variability impacts on water resources: a systematic review
Résumé
Hydrological indices are widely used to assess climate change and climate variability impacts on water resources; however, their application is often constrained by limited in-situ observations, particularly in data-scarce regions. Advances in remote sensing have enabled the development of hydrological indices derived from satellite and reanalysis datasets, providing new opportunities for monitoring droughts, water storage dynamics, and hydrological extremes. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on remotely sensed products and hydrological indices used for water resources monitoring between 2014 and 2024. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, literature was systematically searched in ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and Research4Life databases. After screening 46,101 records, 50 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The findings indicate that optical sensors (Landsat, MODIS, Sentinel-2), precipitation products (CHIRPS, TRMM, IMERG), gravity missions (GRACE and GRACE-FO), and reanalysis datasets (ERA5-Land, GLDAS, FLDAS) were the most frequently used products. Commonly applied indices included SPI, SPEI, NDVI, VCI, TCI, ETDI, SRI, and GRACE-DSI. Research was concentrated in Asia, particularly China, while Africa remained underrepresented. Recent studies increasingly integrated multi-source datasets, cloud-computing platforms, and machine-learning approaches to improve hydrological monitoring. The review highlights the growing importance of remote sensing for climate-resilient water resources management and identifies opportunities for broader application in data-scarce regions and groundwater monitoring systems.
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