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National mapping of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections in Ethiopia

Article scientifique 2020 Anglais

Résumé

Abstract Background: The geographical distributions of both soil-transmitted helminths (STHs; Ascarislumbricoides, Trichuristrichiura, and the hookworms (Necatoramericanus and Ancylostomaduodenale) and schistosomes (SCH; Schistosomamansoni and S. haematobium) are pivotal to be able to effectively design and implement mass drug administration (MDA) programs. The objective of this mapping was to provide up-to-date data on the distribution of both STH and SCH for Ethiopia to inform the national control program.Methodology: Between 2013 and 2015, we assessed the distributions of STHs and SCH in a nationwide survey covering 153,238 school-aged children (aged five to 15 years), from 786woredas (districts), representing all nine Regional States and two City Administrations of Ethiopia. From these surveys, nationwide disease maps were developed which allow recommendations to be made on the implementation of MDA programs.Principal findings: The prevalence of any STH infection across the study population was 21.7%, with A. lumbricoides (12.8%) the most prevalent, followed by hookworms (7.5%) and T. trichiura (5.9%). The prevalence for any SCH was 3.8%, with S. mansoni (3.5%) the dominant and S. haematobium was less prevalent (0.3%).STHs were more prevalent in southwest Ethiopia, whereas SCH found mostly in the west and northeast of the country. The prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity infections was 2% for STHs and 1.6% for SCH. Based on the disease maps and on WHO guidance for STH, 279 woredas were classified as highly endemic and therefore qualify for treatment twice per year and 215 woredas were moderate endemic and qualify for treatment once per year. For SCH, 69 woredas were classified as highly endemic and qualify for treatment once per year and 153 woredas were moderate endemic and qualify for treatment every two years. Conclusions/Significance: the results confirm that Ethiopia is endemic for both STHs and SCH, posing a significant public health problem. Following the WHO recommendations on mass drug administration, 18 and 14 million school-aged children are in need of MDA for STHs and SCH respectively.

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Leta, G., Mekete, K., Wuletaw, Y., Gebretsadik, A., Sime, H., Mekasha, S., Woyessa, A., Shafi, O., Vercruysse, J., Grimes, J., Gardiner, I., French, M., Levecke, B., Drake, L., Harrison, W., Fenwick, A. (2020). National mapping of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections in Ethiopia. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.20657/v1

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Auteur(s)

Gemechu Tadesse Leta Kalkidan Mekete Yonas Wuletaw Abeba Gebretsadik Heven Sime Sindew Mekasha Adugna Woyessa Oumer Shafi Jozef Vercruysse Jack E. T. Grimes Iain Gardiner Michael D. French Bruno Levecke Lesley Drake Wendy Harrison Alan Fenwick

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