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Bionomics of Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae) and malaria transmission pattern in a pre-elimination area in South–Western Senegal

Article scientifique 2025 Anglais

Résumé

BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a public health problem in many African countries. In Senegal, the Southern region had the highest malaria incidence and malaria-related deaths. The relationship between vector density and malaria transmission remains poorly understood in some specific areas. The aim of this study was to characterize the current entomological and transmission parameters with special emphasis on the Anopheles gambiae complex in the malaria pre-elimination area of Mlomp south-western Senegal. METHODS: The study was conducted from July 2020 to February 2021 in Djicomol and Cadjinolle in the commune of Mlomp region of Ziguinchor, Senegal. Sampling was carried out using Human Landing Catches (HLC) and Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSC). Ovaries were dissected to determine female parity rate. Infection status, blood meal sources and species molecular identification were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques respectively. RESULTS: A total of 6956 mosquitoes of the An. gambiae complex were collected, of which 6739 were by HLC (96.88%) and 217 by PSC (3.12%). The mean human biting rate was 36.98 bites/person/night (b/p/n) indoors and 43.25 b/p/n outdoors. Female biting activity was more frequent during the second half of the night. Mean parity rates were 24.83% indoors and 18.94% outdoors. The human blood index was estimated at 76.09%. Overall, An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) was the most common species (75.08%). No female An. gambiae was found to be infected with Plasmodium falciparum in the sub-sample tested, thus no malaria transmission was recorded in Mlomp during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The results alert malaria control programme to develop additional strategies for controlling these vectors, which show exophagic behaviours to effectively combat malaria.

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Diop, M., Coulibaly, Y., Thiaw, O., Dia, A., Coulibaly, Y., Sangaré, M., Ndoye, N., Diallo, M., Tall, M., Faye, M., Ciss, O., Diédhiou, S., Faye, O., Diop, A., Konaté, A., Samb, B., Niang, A., Konaté, L., Tine, R., Niang, E. (2025). Bionomics of Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae) and malaria transmission pattern in a pre-elimination area in South–Western Senegal. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05411-9

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Auteur(s)

Moussa Diop Youssouph Coulibaly Omar Thiom Thiaw Abdoulaye Kane Dia Yaya Ibrahim Coulibaly Modibo Sangaré Ndèye Aita Ndoye Moussa Diallo Mame Fatou Tall MN Faye Oumar Ciss Seynabou Mocote Diédhiou Ousmane Faye Abdoulaye Diop Abdoulaye Konaté Badara Samb Abdoulaye Niang Lassana Konaté Roger Tine El Hadji Amadou Niang

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