Multiple response optimization of amoxicillin removal in aqueous solution via ZVI Fenton-like process using factorial design

Résumé

Advanced oxidation of the biorefractory antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX), taken as a model pollutant, was carried out in aqueous solution using a Fenton-like process. In order to evaluate the impacts of effective factors on the process performance, we investigated the influence of three factors: initial pH solution, catalyst dose (zero-valent iron, ZVI), and molar ratio of H 2 O 2 /AMX on the reaction by monitoring the efficiency of amoxicillin removal, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, and the final pH of the solution under the studied conditions. This work has two main objectives. First, optimize each response independently, namely, the removal rate of amoxicillin in aqueous solution, its mineralization rate, and finally the optimization of the final pH solution, using a full factorial design with three factors at two levels. Second, to perform a simultaneous optimization of the three responses, by designing the system to maximize both amoxicillin degradation and its mineralization, while constraining the final pH solution within a suitable fixed interval, using the desirability function approach. The statistical analysis through ANOVA shows that the three models are highly significant and provide a common optimum for the three responses at (pH: ZVI: H 2 O 2 /AMX) = (8.45: 900 mg/L: 75), achieving 86.666% degradation, more than 94% mineralization, and a final pH solution of 5.5, with an overall desirability value of 0.917.

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