Molecular Mechanisms of FAT Atypical Cadherin 1 (FAT1), the Hippo Pathway, and the Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) Signaling Pathways in Some Cancers

Résumé

Introuduction: FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1), the Hippo pathway and Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling play significant roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of these pathways contributes to tumorigenesis in multiple cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and breast cancer. METHODS: The FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) gene is an ortholog of the Drosophila fat gene, which encodes the protocadherin FAT1. FAT1 is one of the most mutated genes and is therefore considered to be an emerging cancer biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for novel therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms of the FAT1 signaling pathways it mediates has not been fully elucidated. RESULTS: The Hippo-YAP pathway is considered a crucial oncogenic pathway in multiple tumors. The expression of genes controlled by the Hippo downstream transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) is widely deregulated in different human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CONCLUSION: This review discusses the FAT1, Hippo and Yap genes, with a focus on their mutations and expression levels, and their impact on signaling pathways and mechanisms in various types of cancer.

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