Life-history strategies of an invasive tephritid species Dacus frontalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) under different temperature

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Abstract Dacus frontalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an emerging species affecting fruit production in Africa and can poses a serious risk to Cucurbitaceae fruit producing industry in Europe as a response to climat change. To understand how temperature impacts specie’s fitness, population dynamics and consequently its invasive potential, we studied for the first time survival and development time of immature stages, and longevity and fecundity of D. frontalis adults in laboratory at four constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. Results showed that temperature has significant effect on the survival, development, reproduction and longevity of the pumpkin fruit fly. The highest survival rates of egg, larvae, pupae, female and male adults were observed at 20°C. The developmental time of immature stages and from egg to adult significantly decreased with increasing temperature from 15 to 30°C. Female produces significantly the highest number of eggs at 20°C, but no oviposition was observed at 15°C. Pupae are able to survive at 15°C with highest development time, suggesting that this tephritid species can overwinter as pupae in the field. The thermal requirement can explain the seasonality of D. frontalis observed in North Africa and a temperature range of 20 ± 1°C appears to be most suitable for the population growth as well as the rearing of this insect in the laboratory. Practical implications for pest management were discussed.

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