Anthrax Surveillance and Analysis Protocol v1

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This study employs a systematic review and retrospective analysis to assess anthrax incidence, prevalence, and risk factors in Zimbabwe. Data were sourced from peer-reviewed literature, grey veterinary records from the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), and geospatial analysis using GIS. Anthrax prevalence was estimated using weighted prevalence analysis, with a calculated regional prevalence of 17.33% across Zimbabwe, Kenya, Botswana, and Namibia. Logistic regression modelling was applied to examine climate influences, revealing a positive correlation (OR = 2.41, p < 0.05) between outbreaks and post-drought rainfall events. Spatial analysis identified high-risk zones in Midlands, Mashonaland Central, and Matabeleland North using the Getis-Ord Gi hotspot detection method*. This methodology provides a reproducible framework for anthrax surveillance, incorporating epidemiological, statistical, and GIS-based approaches to inform climate-adaptive risk mapping and targeted intervention strategies.

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