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Cancer outcomes and biological mechanisms among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Article scientifique 2026 Anglais

Résumé

Introduction: While glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) provide metabolic and cardiovascular benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, uncertainty remains regarding their association with cancer outcomes and the biological mechanisms by which they influence tumor development. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated overall and site-specific cancer outcomes among adults with T2DM using GLP-1RAs. Methodology: The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on 8 June 2026. Eligible studies included adults with T2DM exposed to GLP-1RAs and reported cancer-related outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled using the Generic Inverse Variance method under a random-effects model. Results: The pooled analysis showed a significant reduction in overall cancer risk among GLP-1RAs users (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99; p = 0.04). Cancer-specific analyses showed significant reductions in pancreatic, colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, hepatocellular, esophageal, and gastric cancers, while no significant associations were observed for thyroid, breast, kidney, or prostate cancers. Mechanistic evidence was limited and mostly indirect, with few studies assessing molecular pathways related to inflammation, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic regulation. Discussion: Overall, GLP-1RAs were not associated with an increased cancer risk and may be linked to a reduced risk for certain cancer types. However, substantial heterogeneity, limited mechanistic validation, and reliance on observational evidence warrant cautious interpretation.

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Eze, E., Ntakirutimana, L., Terkimbi, S., Walle, M., Umar, A., Wondimu, D., Olubiyi, M., Okeke, O., Onaadepo, O., Abdulazeez, J., Ikwuka, D., Ani, E., Alagbonsi, A. (2026). Cancer outcomes and biological mechanisms among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2026.1859759

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Auteur(s)

Ejike Daniel Eze Leopold Ntakirutimana Swase Dominic Terkimbi Muluken Walle Abdullahi Hussein Umar Diresibachew Haile Wondimu Makinde Vincent Olubiyi Onyinye Cynthia Okeke Olufunke Onaadepo Jimoh Abdulazeez David Chibuike Ikwuka Elemi John Ani Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi

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