Editorial: Technologies in smallholder poultry development: characterization, utilization, conservation, improvement, waste management, and disease control volume II

Résumé

Therefore, there is a dire need to embrace modern technologies to conserve and improve poultry genetic resources to guarantee maximum production and productivity of the birds (Hu et al.,2022 ;Birhanu et al., 2023;Francesco et al., 2023;Olaniyan et al., 2024;Zhou et al., 2024).This second volume (Technologies in Smallholder Poultry Development: Characterization, Utilization, Conservation, Improvement, Waste Management, and Disease Control Volume II) built on the outcome of the first volume (Yakubu et al., 2023), focusing on phenotypic and molecular characterization; quantitative and population genetics; genetic/genomic/proteomic evaluation; analyzing genomes to improve disease control in poultry; animal genomics and infectious disease resistance; application of classical phenotyping methods such as biomarkers, machine learning algorithms, etc. to health, nutrition, production, and reproduction including interactions between the environment and poultry species; poultry waste management methods as well as agricultural and environmental issues; and climate-smart approaches to poultry genetic improvement and development. The six articles that contributed to this Research Topic are highlighted below:The limitation of the slow growth rate in native chickens compared to commercial strains necessitated the work of Tantiyasawasdikul et al. who compared and analyzed the relationship between growth, purine content, uric acid, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in purebred and crossbred Thai native chickens using 300 birds. The authors observed that the 25% Thai native chicken (TN) group had the highest growth traits at sixth, eight and ten weeks of age, with the lowest in 100%TN group. the birds increased in age, there was a decrease in purine 42 content uric acid in breast meat and liver and in blood. Moderate to moderate 43 positive (-0.542 to correlation coefficients were found between purine content (total 44 purine, adenine, guanine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine) and growth traits (BW, ADG, and BrC).However, low to moderate positive correlations between uric acid and growth traits (0.348-46 0.760) and SOD and growth traits (0.132-0.516) were obtained. Three principal components 47 (PCs) were extracted which explained 86.44 and 86.53% of the total variance in breast meat and 48 liver for selecting animals for optimal balance, and also properly separated the purine content, 49 uric acid, SOD, and growth traits. The current findings provided a basis for genetic improvement 50 of Thai native chickens for high quality meat yield.In order to develop a statistical tool for turkey breed's traceability testing based on meat and phenotyped and genotyped a total of 2,573 T451A dual-purpose Sasso chickens reared in 92 emulated free-ranging conditions at ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The phenotypic traits were 93 highly variable and were affected by batch number and sex of the chicken. The genotypes 94 comprised 2.9 million SNPs that were used in the genomic analyses. A largely polygenic mode 95 of genetic control of all phenotypic traits was observed, with the identification of 15 distinct 96 markers which are located in regions harbouring relevant annotated genes. These markers were 97 found to be highly associated with growth, carcass traits, NDV titres, IgA levels, and chicken 98 survival. In sub-Saharan Africa, it can be inferred that genetic variability of smallholder chickens 99 may be exploited in selective breeding programmes to enhance the productivity of chickens.

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