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Tracking SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in rural communities using blood-fed mosquitoes: a proof-of-concept study

Article scientifique 2023 Anglais

Résumé

Background: The spread of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be well monitored and understood in areas without capacity for effective disease surveillance. Countries with a young population will have disproportionately large numbers of asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic infections, further hindering detection of infection. Sero-surveillance on a country-wide scale by trained medical professionals may be limited in a resource-limited setting such as Mali. Novel ways of broadly sampling the human population in a non-invasive method would allow for large-scale surveillance at a reduced cost. Approach: Here we evaluate the collection of naturally blood-fed mosquitoes to test for human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the laboratory and at five field locations in Mali. Results: Immunoglobulin-G antibodies to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens were readily detected in mosquito bloodmeals by bead-based immunoassay through at least 10 h after feeding [mean sensitivity of 0.92 (95% CI 0.78-1) and mean specificity of 0.98 (95% CI 0.88-1)], indicating that most blood-fed mosquitoes collected indoors during early morning hours (and likely to have fed the previous night) are viable samples for analysis. We found that reactivity to four SARS-CoV-2 antigens rose during the pandemic from pre-pandemic levels. The crude seropositivity of blood sampled via mosquitoes was 6.3% in October and November 2020 across all sites, and increased to 25.1% overall by February 2021, with the most urban site reaching 46.7%, consistent with independent venous blood-based sero-surveillance estimates. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that using mosquito bloodmeals, country-wide sero-surveillance of human diseases (both vector-borne and non-vector-borne) is possible in areas where human-biting mosquitoes are common, offering an informative, cost-effective, and non-invasive sampling option.

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Krajacich, B., Samaké, D., Dao, A., Diallo, M., Sanogo, Z., Yaro, A., Zéguimé, A., Poudiougo, J., Cissé, K., Traoré, M., Assitoun, A., Faiman, R., Zaidi, I., Woodford, J., Duffy, P., Lehmann, T. (2023). Tracking SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in rural communities using blood-fed mosquitoes: a proof-of-concept study. https://doi.org/10.3389/fepid.2023.1243691

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Auteur(s)

Benjamin J. Krajacich Djibril Samaké Adama Dao Moussa Salifou Diallo Zana L. Sanogo Alpha Seydou Yaro Amatigué Zéguimé Josué Poudiougo Kadiatou Cissé Mamadou Traoré Alassane Dit Assitoun Roy Faiman Irfan Zaidi John Woodford Patrick E. Duffy Tovi Lehmann

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