Fermented seeds of P. macrophylla seeds mitigate against memory deficit and restored altered enzymatic in the brain of streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Résumé

Abstract Memory deficit has been known as one of the complications of diabetes. Fermented P. macrophylla seeds have been used in folklore for various metabolic diseases. The research aims to evaluate the impact of diets with the inclusion of the fermented seed of P. macrophylla on memory deficit in diabetes and its underlying mechanisms. Before the induction, the rats were subjected to training sessions. Thereafter, administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight) to the trained rats via intraperitoneal (i.p). 72 hours after, the rats blood glucose level was checked, and rats with a blood glucose level greater than 250 mg/dl were selected for the memory index evaluation study. The induced rats were randomly distributed into groups: Normal rats (group 1), untreated diabetic rat (Group 2), acarbose treated diabetic rats (group 3); All were fed with basal diet and those placed on diet supplemented with fermented seed of P. macrophylla (10 & 20% inclusion) were allotted to group 4 & 6. Then, evaluation of memory retention capacity on day 14 of the experiment. Thereafter, experimental rats were sacrificed, tissue of interest (brain) was excised, homogenized and homogenates were used for biochemical analysis. The cholinergic, angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE), arginase activity and biomarkers for oxidative stress were significantly altered in untreated diabetic rats when compared with non-diabetes rats. Conversely, the memory capacity of the diabetic rats was observed less in comparison to the non-diabetes rats. Meanwhile, diabetic rats placed on diet with fermented seeds of P. macrophylla (10 & 20% inclusion) exhibited significantly higher memory capacity, lower activity of cholinergic, ACE, arginase activity in relation to untreated diabetic rats while the antioxidant status of the brain was enhanced. Nevertheless, fermented seeds of P. macrophylla ameliorated memory deficit in STZ induced diabetes rats. This gave credence to its nutraceutical potential as claimed in folk medicine.

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