Characterization of genetic variation of Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) verdc.] under different environmental conditions for yields and yield component performances

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Abstract Bambara groundnut has significant roles to play in terms of food security even though researchers have paid very little attention to the crop in the past. The aim of this study was to investigate the high yielding accessions in three environments. A total of 34 morphological, phenological and agronomic traits were measured and analyzed statistically with R software. There were significant differences in all the traits except for plant height, initial plant stand, panicle length per stem, and petiole length. Across the three environments, TVSU-455 gave the highest values for total number of pods (42.67 ± 13.37), final plant stand (7.67 ± 1.58), fresh seed weight of (45.83 ± 14.82), number of seed per plants of (46.62 ± 14.89), hundred seed weight with a value of (124.56 ± 18.99), dry seed weight (27.14 ± 8.91), fresh pod weight, a value of (92.65 ± 30.96), harvest index of (0.57 ± 0.25), yield per plot (45.83 ± 14.82) and unshelled yield per plot (550.26 ± 117.89). TVSU-455 was the only accessions in cluster I of the dendogram based on its superiority over other accessions. The clustering analysis produced a dendogram categorizing the 15 accessions into 4 groups based on the morphological, phenological and agronomic traits. There were significant differences among the correlations of the 34 traits. The first two principle components explained 56.16% of the total variation with each dimension accounting for 39.85% and 16. 31% variation, respectively. TVSU-455 can be used in breeding programs to improve Bambara groundnut.

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