Developing indicators for wetlands conservation using DPSIR framework: A review in Ethiopia

Résumé

Abstract Ethiopia has more than 58 wetlands. These wetlands serve as a food source, water source, income source (eco-tourism), fish livestock, plant medication, fuel wood source; regulating water purification, water storage and supply, sediment accretion, coastal flood control, pollutants retention and support biogeochemical cycling, soil formation, pollination, shelter and care for diverse flora and fauna. Wetlands product also used as a sources of cultural resources, spiritual services, housing construction, educational and research services. However, Ethiopian wetlands are facing many challenges and become heavily degraded due to wide driving forces or socioeconomic activities held on or nearby the catchments. Previous studies also revealed that there is little or lack of research, community awareness, knowledge of planners and resource managers and policy gaps. The participation of the local community in wetlands conservation is also minimal. Ethiopia has yet ratified and implemented the Ramsar Convention and there is no stand-alone national wetlands policy or strategy and the existing policies and laws have not adequately addressed wetlands issue, and even some laws are contradicting with the wise use of wetlands. The Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework is used as a tool for integrating these socioeconomic activities that could affect wetlands ecosystem by identifying all factors. More is done on wetlands degradation in Ethiopia. However, there is no evidence on developing indicators for wetlands conservation using DPSIR framework. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess indicators for wetlands conservation using DPSIR framework. The overall effectiveness of DPSIR framework can be maximized, it should be integrated with set of developed indicators for each category of DPSIR component. Some steps were used for developing indicators for sustainable wetlands conservation. The conceptual framework enables an understanding of the causal relationships between driving forces and socioeconomic impacts. Reviewed literature also revealed some action plans, designing appropriate measures, for wetlands conservation. These suggested action plans of conservation measures include lack of research, community awareness and stakeholders and community participation in wetlands conservation. This review has showed how the application DPSIR framework can be enhanced by the developing indicators.

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