Improving Capacity For Phytoremediation Of Vetiver Grass And Indian Mustard In Heavy Metal (Al And Mn) Contaminated Water Through The Application Of Clay Minerals

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Abstract Phytoremediation of areas contaminated by heavy metals using Vetiver grass and Indian mustard is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. However, strategies to optimize the remediation capacity of these plants to be more sustainable in combatting environmental pollution is lacking. This study aimed at enhancing remediation of heavy metal contaminated water through the simultaneous hybrid application of clay minerals (attapulgite and bentonite) and Vetiver grass or Indian mustard. A 21-day greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the clay minerals to improve heavy metal phytoremediation. Attapulgite successfully improved the growth and tolerance index of Vetiver grass in heavy metal contaminated water. The addition of clay minerals did not, however, increase the tolerance of Indian mustard for Al and Mn. The best efficiency was from a hybrid system of 2.5% (w/v) bentonite treatment with Vetiver grass. However, Indian mustard showed no significant uptake of heavy metals, but suffered heavy metal toxicity despite the addition of clay minerals. The current laboratory-scale findings provided a basis for field trials earmarked for remediation in a post-mining coal environment in South Africa.

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