The effects of multi-heavy metals mixture on blood and antioxidant defense system of mice

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Abstract Heavy metals are widespread in all parts of the environments, thereby polluting soil, water, and biota and finally causing harm to human health. However, humans are prone to a mixture of elements other than a single element. Thus, the study was aimed at determining the hematological indices and oxidative response from exposure to a mixture of multi-elements in mice. Twenty-five (25) male mice were grouped into 5 groups of 1mg Cd (Group I), 1mg Pb (Group II), 2mg Cd + 1mg Pb (Group III), 2mg Pb + 1mg Cd (Group IV) all /kg b.w amended mouse chows and control (Group V), were administered. Following euthanization, blood samples were collected into the EDTA bottle for hematological analysis and plain bottles to harvest serum for serum Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) assays. Results showed that 10 days of exposure to a metals mixture, have led to weight loss, loss of appetite and hematological alterations whereby the metal mixtures showed more profound toxicity on RBC (red blood cell) count, and individual metals showed more on WBC (white blood cell) and PLT (platelet) counts. Similarly, Pb and Cd mixtures were able to induce greater oxidative stress reflected by the rise in SOD and CAT. Therefore, it was concluded that exposure to multi-elements (Cd & Pb combined) in mice has higher toxicity potentials to hematological indices and oxidative stress markers which include SOD and CAT. Further studies should be carried out on other metals mixture, and their genetic, environmental, and biochemical indices.

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