Antimicrobial activity, antioxidant capacity and attempt to identify Flavonoids Analyses of Crocus sativus leaves and petals by ultra-performance LC-DAD-MS.

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Abstract Saffron leaves and petals are the main by-products of saffron processing which is producing in large amounts annually. The aim of this work is to identified polyphenols in leaves and petals from Saffron. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection (UPLC-DAD) and ion trap mass spectrometry with either electrospray ionization (ESI-MS). Crude extracts from leaf and petal of Crocus sativus were screened for their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. A significant content of polyphenols, essentially glycosides of kaempferol, quercetin, Isorhamnetin, Malvidin have identified in petals and leaves of Crocus sativus. The leaf extract revealed higher activity (IC50= 190,43 μg ml-1) for DPPH inhibition in comparison with the petals ethanolic extract (IC50= 504.26 μg ml-1). The leaf extracts gave higher antioxidant capacity (1,090 nm) measured with the FRAP assay. Our tested extracts petals displayed a strong antimicrobial activity with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) values as equal as 6,25 µg/µl against Aspergillus niger and Escherichia coli. The quantitative analysis data obtained thus far have shown that Crocus sativus leaves and petals are a rich source of flavonoids. The results were showed that the by-products of C. sativus can be exploited to create a different conception of C. sativus L. The identified compounds arouse growing interest in their antioxidant and biological activity as a food supplement, in functional foods, beverages, pharmaceutical preparations, and cosmetic formulations. Farmers and local scientists may no longer view C. sativus flowers as waste but as an important resource for health-enhancing products.

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