Hydrogeophysical Investigation of Shallow Aquifers and Possible Pollution Interaction of Dumpsite, Douala Basin Cameroon

Résumé

Abstract Landfill leachate contains thousands of complex components that become part of groundwater after infiltration. Landfills have serious environmental consequences for air, soil, surface water, and groundwater, particularly in sedimentary formations such as those found in the Douala sub basin. The present study investigated the possible dump sites pollution effects on shallow aquifer groundwater system in part of Maképé Missoké (Northern river N’gongué), Douala city, Cameroon. A total of 08 profiles were ran using the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to locate the aquifer and then afterward 10 points were selected for groundwater sampling in the study area and were analysed for selected major ions and bacteriological test. The ERT results show predominantly low to intermediate (0.03-1173ohmm) resistivity zones of leachate which extend down to a depth of > 30m below the surface. The physicochemical analyses results show that their elemental composition values for Ca2+(0.63–26.64 mg/l), K+ (0.52–19.41 mg/l), Cl−(2.21–52.51 mg/l), SO42−(0.71–83.27 mg/l), NO3−(8.38–51.44 mg/l), Na+(4.95–64.42 mg/l), Mg2+ (< 0.03–3.79 mg/l) tie with what was obtained in other areas worldwide for a typical dumpsite or landfill leachate and wells A4 and A6 and borehole A3 are not within the Cameroon drinking water standard based on their K and NO3 content respectively (14.35, 19.31 and 51.44). Results from bacteriological analyses show that 05 of the water samples (A4: >3000cfu, A6: 44cfu, A7: >3000cfu, A16: 32cfu, A17: 13cfu) which are especially from hand dug wells and streams are not drinkable as of the Cameroon drinking water standards and WHO. The multi-parameter and resistivity meter (multi-electrodes) were found to be good instruments that can be used to monitor the environment. The Douala aquifer at Makepé Missoké was characterized and observed to be polluted at the landfill site.

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