Screening invitro antibacterial properties of Apis mellifera L. monofloral honey in Ethiopia

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Abstract Background Honey is a natural sweetener and viscous food which is synthesized from the nectar of flowering plants by bees. As a worldwide, it has been traditionally used for incurring different diseases. However, In recent times, the emergence of multi and extended drug-resistant human pathogens called for an urgent search for more effective sources of natural products to treat infectious diseases. The biological activity of honey primarily relies on its botanical and entomological origin. Hence, the objective of this study was to screen the in vitro antibacterial activity of honey based on botanical origin produced in Ethiopia. Methods Botanical origin was identified by the Melisopalynological analysis method. The inhibition zone was determined by agar well diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration was done by broth diffusion. Result Six different monofloral honey namely: Guizotia (75.3% pollen grain counted), Coffee arabica (68.6%), Vernonia (90.5%), Schefflera abyssinica (100%), Croton macrostachyus (64.4%) and Eucalyptus (100%) honey was harvested through December, February, February, April, May, and June respectively from the study area. All the monofloral honey inhibited the growth of all the bacterial strains even though the diameter of the inhibition zone varied. C. macrostachyus, Vernonia, Guizotia, and C. arabica were comparatively more whilst S. abyssinica was the least effective against all the tested bacterial strains. The grand mean inhibition zone ranged from 17.0 ± 1 mm by C. macrostachyus to 10.5 ± 1 mm by S. abyssinica against all the bacterial strains. Besides, the MIC of botanical honey type ranged from 11.7 ± 3.3% w/v by C. macrostachyus against S. aureus to 37.5 ± 1% w/v by S. abyssinica against P. aeruginosa. Conclusion The current result indicated that there is a disparity in antibacterial properties between monofloral honey. The more effective honey against the tested bacterial strain were those produced from the nectar of Ethiopian medicinal plants; based on literatures. Therefore, further in-vivo and in-vitro research would be expected from the concerned researchers on the association between the biological compounds present in each part of medicinal plants and honey samples.

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