Self-care and Health-related Quality of Life among Heart Failure patients in Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

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Abstract Background:Understanding self-care behaviour and its relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with Heart failure help a healthcare provider to identify patients who still need but lack the self-care skills required to manage their disease condition at home. However, despite its growing importance and obvious relationships with positive health outcomes,the evidence to justify its popularity is not well documented. This study aimed to assess the extent of heart failure self-care and its relationship with the HRQoL among patients with heart failure. Methods: An institutional-based descriptive correlational study was conducted on 176 heart failure patients at Jimma Medical Canter. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Both descriptive and analytical statistical tests were utilized. A multivariate linear regression analysis was done to determine the relationship between self-care behaviour and HRQOL and different independent variables. Variables with a p-value< 0.05 were considered as significant predictors of the outcome variable. Results:Of all participants, the majority, 93(52.8%) were males. The average self-care scores for maintenance, management, and confidence were 44.35 ±16.75, 43.81±19.15, and 50.16±24.17, respectively. None of the self-care dimensions reached the self-care adequacy cut point of 70. The majority of the study participants 111(63.07%) had poor quality of life. Significant linear associations were observed between self-care management and overall HRQoL (βs=-1.26, p=.000) and physical dimension (βs=0.881, p=.000). Self-care confidence score was also significantly associated with total HRQoL(βs=-.579, P= 0.029), physical(βs=.507, p=.007) and emotional dimensions score(βs=-.299, p=0.038). Conclusions: The study participants had inadequate self-care behaviour and poor health-related quality of life. HF self-care was associated with better health-related quality of life. Therefore, the healthcare provider should identify patients with heart failure who lack self-care behaviours required to manage their condition at home and focus should also be given to specific educational interventions that target determinants of self-care behaviour and quality of life.

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