Molar Incisor Hypomineralization, prevalence, pattern and distribution in Sudanese children

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Abstract Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH in school children in Sudan.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 568 children, aged 8-11 years from schools in Khartoum State. Following collecting their socio-demographic data, the children were examined for hypomineralization on the 12 MIH indexed teeth, and assessed on the MIH pattern and distribution. The data collected were analyzed to obtain descriptive statistics, and the results related to the socio-demographic and other dental-related factors of the children using chi-square test and Spearman Rank Correlation, with the significant level set at P<0.05.Results: The prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%. The majority of cases had both permanent first molars (PFMs) and permanent incisors affected (12.5%). However, in 7.6% of the cases, only molars were affected. Even though more maxillary teeth were affected when compared to the mandibular teeth, there is no statistical significant difference between the occurrence of hypomineralization on mandibular and maxillary molars (P=0.22). Maxillary incisors were significantly more affected by MIH when related to the mandibular ones (P=0.00). Demarcated opacities were the commonest pattern of MIH defects (69.9%) in the experimental group.Conclusion: The prevalence of MIH in Sudanese children was 20.1%. In both dental arches, the permanent molars and incisors were frequently affected, with the demarcated opacity type of MIH being the most common form of defect. Further studies are recommended to better understand the possible etiologies of MIH in Sudanese children.

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