Patterns of Presentation of Adults With Hearing Impairment in a Peri-urban Community in South Africa: A Qualitative Study
Résumé
Abstract Background: There is a wealth of research, globally, on the help-seeking behaviour patterns of individuals with a variety of chronic medical conditions. Contextually relevant findings have been reported describing the influence of a disease and/or disorder together with the related personal, social, environmental, and region-specific factors. However, research related to help-seeking behaviour patterns in hearing impairment is mostly found in high income countries (HICs) and tells a one-sided story indicating a knowledge gap in other contexts. As part of a bigger study titled “In pursuit of preventive audiology: Help-seeking behaviour patterns of adults with hearing impairment in a peri-urban community in South Africa”, the main aim of the study was to describe the pattern of presentation of symptoms in adults with hearing impairment from a peri-urban community in South Africa. Methods: Through a non-probability purposive sampling method, 23 adults participated in semi-structured interviews using an interview guide. Thematic analysis through a deductive analysis approach was adopted for data analysis. Results: Participants’ patterns of presentation indicated a belief in a Western bio-medical causation to explain their hearing impairment. Help-seekers sought help mostly from healthcare workers at all levels of healthcare in the public (primary, secondary, and tertiary) and private healthcare sectors, followed by a few participants consulting their social networks. Only one participant used a traditional healthcare provider to resolve his hearing difficulties. Conclusions: In a diverse country like South Africa, with a majority African population, the influence of cultural practices and beliefs proved to have a minimal influence on participants’ help-seeking behaviour for their ear and hearing challenges. However, an interplay of factors related to one’s context at the time played a significant role in the pattern of presentation to the ear and hearing clinic. There is therefore a need to understand the perspectives of adults with hearing impairment from their environments to facilitate more contextual relevancy in healthcare provision within the preventive audiology field. Hearing health policymakers should also endeavour to consider the realities of health-seeking in each context and environment.
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